![]() Limitation of each process and enhancing techniques using magnetism, ultrasonic, and pulsed current for selected processes are presented. Relevant finishing techniques using abrasives and non-conventional techniques, such as grinding, polishing, laser, peening, buffing, and electrochemical polishing are reviewed, and typical results are documented for different AM processes. This paper reviews the working principles for common MAM processes and summarizes current post-processing techniques for surface finish improvement. The inherent rough surfaces are of concerns and need to be addressed to meet the strict requirement of critical engineering components. Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) has attracted global industry and academia due to its flexibility and ability to achieve complex geometry. It also compares laser and electron beam based technologies in terms of performance characteristics of each process, advantages/disadvantages, materials and applications. This review presents evolution, current status and challenges of powder bed fusion technology. Powder bed fusion, in which each powder bed layer is selectively fused by using energy source like laser or electron beam, is the most promising additive manufacturing technology that can be used for manufacturing small, low volume, complex metallic parts. Features of additive manufacturing like freedom of part design, part complexity, light weighting, part consolidation and design for function are garnering particular interests in metal additive manufacturing for aerospace, oil & gas, marine and automobile applications. This tool-less manufacturing method can produce fully dense metallic parts in short time, with high precision. Additive manufacturing is a novel method of manufacturing parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach.
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